11. which group contains terms that are all directly
associated with one of the organisms shown in the
diagram below?
(a) herbivore, prey, autotroph, host
b. predator, scavenger, decomposer, consumer
c. carnivore, predator, heterotroph, multicellular
d. producer, parasite, fungus,fish

Answer and Explanation:

It is a dihybrid cross, where:

B= black (dominant)

b= brown

S= solid (dominant)

s= spotted

a) The genotype of the parents are:

homozygous black spotted= BBss ⇒ Gametes: Bs, Bs, bS, bS

homozygous brown solid= bbSS ⇒ Gametes: bs, bs, bs, bs

The F1 mice is the resultant progeny from the cross BBss x bbSS. We combine the games of the parents and all combinations are : BbSs. All F1 genotype is BbSs (heterozygous black and solid mice).

b) The testcross is carried out between F1 mice (BbSs) and brown spotted mice (bbss)

BsSs ⇒ Gametes: BS, Bs, bS, bs

bbss ⇒ Gametes: bs, bs, bs, bs

From the gametes, we obtain all the possible combinations:

BSbs = BbSs (black, solid) ⇒ ratio= 1/2 x 1/2= 1/4

Bsbs= Bbss (black, spotted) ⇒ ratio= 1/2 x 1/2= 1/4

bSbs= bbSs (brown solid) ⇒ ratio= 1/2 x 1/2= 1/4

bsbs= bbss (brown spotted) ⇒ ratio= 1/2 x 1/2= 1/4

So, we obtain 1/4 of black solid mice (BbSs), 1/4 of black spotted mice (Bbss), 1/4 of brown solid mice (bbSs) and 1/4 of brown spotted mice (bbss).