7. Calculate the average percentage of energy that is transferred from one level to another using your answers in Question 6. Note that this average percentage transfer is similar for many differ-
of
energy pyramids in nature.
ent types

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Explanation:

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1) dead organic matter

2) ammonification

3) nitrification – yielding nitrite

4) nitrification yielding nitrate

5) denitrification  

6) biosphere

7) Fixation

Explanation:

The atmosphere is the principal reservoir of nitrogen. There are few organisms, such as bacteria, capable of fixating it. To the moment, no eukaryotic organisms have been found to fixate nitrogen.  

There are three principal stages in the nitrogen cycle:

- ammonification: the process by which nitrogenated components found in the soil, product of decomposition of organic matter, are degraded to simpler components by bacteria and fungus. These microorganisms metabolize these compounds and release the excess of nitrogen as ammoniac NH3 or ammonia NH4. Basically, ammonification is the nitrogen conversion from the amino or imino groups (as it is found in organic matter), to ammonia.  

- nitrification: The process by which many bacteria in the soil are capable to oxidate the ammoniac or the ammonia. This is an energy generator process. The energy released is used by these bacteria as a primary source of energy. A group of bacteria oxidates the ammoniac or ammonia to nitrite and another group of bacteria oxidates nitrite to nitrate. Nitrification results from the sequential action of these two groups.

the combination os ammonification and nitrification gives a new form of nitrogen that is assimilable by plants.

- assimilation: The process by which plants take nitrogen from the soil and put it into circulation in the trophic chain.

When plants and animals die, their tissues are processed by microorganisms that give nitrogen back to the soil. And so the cycle starts all over again.

CYCLE:

When plants and animals die, decomposers take nitrogen from the tissues and transform into ammoniac or ammonia form, NH₃ and NH₄ (Ammonification).     Then, by nitrification, these forms are processed and transformed first into nitrite NO₂ and then into nitrate NO₃. Autotroph organisms take nitrogen from the soil in the form of nitrate, NO₃. Plants reduce this oxidated nitrogen, NO₃, to the amino group through the assimilation process. So, animals take nitrogen from plants in the form of amino group, NH₂.Other bacteria use nitrate NO₃ and by denitrification produce gaseous N₂ and drive it to the atmosphere.  From the atmosphere, some other bacteria fixate N₂ in the plants´ roots or in the soil.