Ap Bio How does seasonal turnover in lakes affect the oxygen level available to the aquatic organisms?

Seasonal lake mixing

Twice a year, unseen forces churn water from the depths of our deeper lakes and deliver oxygen and nutrients essential to aquatic life.

The correct answer from all the given options is (D) to bring amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins.

Further Explanation:

Protein synthesis is the process by which protein is made from messenger RNA. It is based on the central dogma. It is a basic explanation of the two processes by which proteins are formed. These two processes are transcription and translation. Transcription is the process by which double-stranded DNA is converted into mRNA.

Transfer RNA or tRNA is a type of ribonucleic acid|(RNA) which helps to decode mRNA sequence into a protein.

Translation is defined as a process by which proteins are synthesized by making a chain of amino acids which are joined together by polypeptide bonds. Translation occurs for protein synthesis from messenger RNA.

Ribosomes are small cell organelles which are present in large number in the cytoplasm of a cell. Ribosomes are the minute organelles which play an important role in translation.

Proteins are made from long-chain of aminoacids. These amino acids are specified by codons which are three-nucleotide messenger RNA sequences.

Each codon has a particular amino acid which is recognized by a transfer ribonucleic acid. Transfer RNA or tRNA has a clover leaf-like structure which consists of 3 loops like structure in which one loop consists of a sequence called anticodons. This anticodon recognizes the messenger RNA sequence and decodes this sequence. Each tRNA has amino acid attached to its end. When transfer RNA recognizes its corresponding codon and binds to it in the ribosomes then transfer RNA passes the amino acids to the growing amino acid chain(please refer to the image attached below). Transfer RNAs and ribosomes continue to decode the mRNA molecules until the entire sequence is translated into the protein.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about where are the proteins for a cell made

2. Learn more about translation

3. Learn more about the general term for any carbohydrate monomer

Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Genetics

Keywords:

Transfer RNA, messenger RNA, ribosome, translation, polypeptide bond, amino acids, codons, anticodons, nucleotides.