As you study two closely-related bird species, the yellow and orange warblers, you notice that each species seeks many different types insect prey (midges, caterpillars, beetles, leafhoppers, and wasps) in areas without the other species. However, where their ranges overlap, the yellow warbler mostly eats caterpillars, midges and leafhoppers and the orange warbler mostly eats beetles and wasps, as well as some spiders. You have discovered an example of .

Nowadays, liposomes have become very popular in carrying numerous molecules in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in food and farming industries, it has been extensively studied that the use of liposome encapsulation to develop delivery systems. The new delivery system can entrap unstable compounds (such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, flavors and bioactive elements) and shield their functionality.

In recent years, liposomes are designed for advanced biotechnology product delivery systems, including antisense oligonucleotides, cloned genes, recombinant proteins and drugs. The delivery system using liposome has many benefits. For example, the solubility of lipophilic and amphiphilic drugs can be improved by loading them in liposomes.

Currently, because of severe side-effects and toxicity, quite a few drugs on the market can only be used in the direst situations. Many of these drugs have exceptional antimicrobial effect, however, the poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties limit their use. Drug encapsulation using liposomal or lipid drug delivery system can improve the problems mentioned above to such an extent. Therefore, the drugs can be brought into regular use with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.

Explanation:

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