China and Europe are experiencing Emigration. U.S.A, S.S.Africa and India are experiencing Immigration. Indonesia could be experiencing both emigration and immigration at the same rate which is why their graph shows a flat line in later years.

what are some scientific concepts that back this up?

Because its both emigration and imigration

Explanation:

The answer is; B

Mutations change the order of nucleotide and therefore affects codons that code for proteins. A different protein is thus produced from the wild type hence creating variations.  Genetic shuffling in sexual reproduction, also called gene recombination occurs during meiosis and also when different organisms exchange genetic material such as in bacteria.