Explain how a mutation in a nucleotide sequence of a gene can affect gene function

16 different gametes

Explanation:

Gamete formation involves the random and independent segregation of alleles. During anaphase 1 (meiosis), occurs the independent separation of homologous chromosomes that migrate to opposite poles of the cell. This separation generates different chromosomal combinations in the daughter cells. There are two alternatives per homologous pair.  

The number of gametes with different combinations is 2ⁿ, where  

n = number of homologous pairs.  

In the exposed example there are 4 pairs of chromosomes, so

the number of possible combinations of chromosomes = 2ⁿ = 2⁴ = 16

Individual: AaBbCcDdEe

You can make use of the fork line method to easily figure out the possible gametes.

ABCD → ABCD

                     d → ABCd

          cD → ABcD

                       d → ABcd

           bCD → AbCD

                     d → AbCd

          cD → AbcD

                       d → Abcd

aBCD → aBCD

                     d → aBCd

          cD → aBcD

                       d → aBcd

           bCD → abCD

                     d → abCd

          cD → abcD

                       d → abcd