Identity 20 scientists, their place of origin, year and significant contribution to the study of micro biology

632–1723Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). Natuurkundige te Delft Rijksmuseum Antonie van LeeuwenhoekDutchConsidered to be the first acknowledged microscopist. Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe microscopic organisms, using simple single-lensed microscopes of his own design.[1]

1729–1799 Lazzaro SpallanzaniItalianProved that bacteria did not arise due to spontaneous generation by developing a sealed, sterile broth medium.[2][3]

1749–1823Edward Jenner  Edward JennerEnglishDeveloped vaccination techniques against smallpox.[2]

1818–1865Ignaz SemmelweisIgnaz SemmelweisHungarianDemonstrated that doctors washing their hands with chlorine solutoin significantly reduced mortality of women giving birth in the hospital setting.[4]

1853–1938Hans Christian Gram portrait  Hans Christian GramDanishDeveloped the Gram stain used to identify and classify bacteria.[2]

1845–1922Charles LaveranCharles LavaranFrench1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the causative agents of malaria and trypanosomiasis.[2]

1827–1912Joseph Lister  Joseph ListerEnglishIntroduced sterilisation techniques to surgery.[2][5]

1822–1895Louis Pasteur, foto av Paul Nadar, Crisco  Louis PasteurFrenchSeminal discoveries in vaccination, food safety, and microbial fermentatoion. A key proponent of the germ theory of disease.[2]

1850–1934Fanny HesseGermanDeveloped agar for use in culturing bacteria.[2][6]

1851–1934 Martinus BeijerinckNetherlandsDiscovered the first virus as well as bacterial nitrogen fixation and sulfate reduction.

1885–1948  Marjory StephensonBritishPioneer of bacterial metabolism.

1871–1957Kiyoshi ShigaJapaneseDiscovered a bacterium causing an outbreak of dysentery.[2][7]

1854–1917Emil Adolf von BehringGerman1901 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering diphtheria antitoxin.[8]

1857–1932Sir Ronald RossBritish1902 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes[9]

1843–1910Robert KochGerman1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on tuberculosis; identified causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax.[10]

1845–1922  Charles Louis Alphonse LaveranFrench1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for recognizing parasitic protozoa as the causes of malaria and African sleeping sickness.[11]

1857–1940  Julius Wagner-JaureggAustrian1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the neurosyphilis could be treated by inducing fever with malaria parasites.[12]

1866–1936  Charles Jules Henri NicolleFrench1928 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for determining that typhus is transmitted by body lice.[13]

1895–1964  Gerhard DomagkGerman1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovering the first commercially available antibiotic: prontosil.[14]

1881–1955  Sir Alexander FlemingScottish1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering penicillin.[15]

1906–1979  Sir Ernst Boris ChainBritish

1898–1968Howard Walter FloreyAustralian

1899–1972Max TheilerSouth African1951 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for developing a vaccine against yellow fever.[16]

1888–1973Selman Abraham WaksmanAmerican1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for identifying streptomycin and other antibiotics.[17]

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