In the animal kingdom, wild wolves joined hunter-gatherers in East Asia, where canines were domesticated and bred to have increased docility. Over thousands of years, people bred dogs with different desired personality and physical traits, eventually leading to the wide variety of dogs we see today. Phosphorus is necessary for the growth of healthy plants. Scientists are developing plants that can grow in phosphorus-poor soil. Some of these new varieties, produced in a lab, make extra copies of a protein that helps plants obtain more phosphorus from the soil.

Breeding dogs for certain traits is a way of modifying outcomes but today's advances have enabled us to actually change certain outcomes through technology

The process being used to develop these new varieties is most likely: (SC.912.L.16.10)

A. natural selection

B. Conversely, paper chromatography

C. direct harvesting

D. genetic engineering

The process is used to develop these new varieties is most likely genetic engineering (Option D).

What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering refers to the techniques used to modify the genetic material of an organism.

Genetic engineering techniques include, among others, recombinant DNA and genome editing systems.Genetic engineering is very useful to obtain organisms that synthesize desired proteins or crops that have desired phenotypic features.

In conclusion, the process is used to develop these new varieties is most likely genetic engineering (Option D).

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The Complement System: Overview

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Major component of Innate Immune System

Consists of over 30 proteins, which participate in a tightly regulated cascade-like activation process.

Protects host from pathogenic microorganims, contributes to immune complex regulation & is an important link between the innate & adaptive immune systems.

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3 Major Outcomes of Complement Activation

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1. Stimulation of inflammatory reactions via release proinflammatory mediators, which induce chemotaxis of leukocytes (leading to microbe destruction) & inflammation

2. Opsonization of pathogens by depositing fragments of complement proteins on the pathogens, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis

3. Complement-Mediated Cytolysis, via formation of a Membrane Attack Complex, which can insert itself into bacterial membrane & cause osmotic lysis

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Alternative Pathway Steps

Lectin Pathway Activation

Classical Pathway Activation

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The Complement System: Overview

Major component of Innate Immune System

Consists of over 30 proteins, which participate in a tightly regulated cascade-like activation process.

Protects host from pathogenic microorganims, contributes to immune complex regulation & is an important link between the innate & adaptive immune systems.

3 Major Outcomes of Complement Activation

1. Stimulation of inflammatory reactions via release proinflammatory mediators, which induce chemotaxis of leukocytes (leading to microbe destruction) & inflammation

2. Opsonization of pathogens by depositing fragments of complement proteins on the pathogens, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis

3. Complement-Mediated Cytolysis, via formation of a Membrane Attack Complex, which can insert itself into bacterial membrane & cause osmotic lysis

Explanation:

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