Name and describe 3 ways objects can travel across a membrane. Include what types of objects (H2O, sugar, ect) are moving across the membrane for each way.

Osmosis - water

Ions - diffusion

Large proteins - endocytosis

Explanation:

Ions and small molecules can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion, where they move from a high concentration to a low concentration, down a concentration gradient.

Osmosis is the process whereby water travels across a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration.

Larger cargo can cross the membrane through a process called endocytosis, where the membrane engulfs the particles and brings them inside the cell, encased in a vesicle.

Negative control is the experimental setup in which no response is expected or the control in which the result is bound to be negative.

Positive control is the experimental setup in which a response is expected or the control in which the result may be positive.

So our,

Positive controls are: Currently used antibiotic

Negative control is: Water

Currently used antibiotic affects the bacteria whereas the water does not. Antibiotic X,Y,Z treatments are being checked for their activity and effect on the bacteria.