cierramcdonald

16.09.2019 • 

Biology

P. americanus produces a small antifreeze protein (afp) that binds to ice crystals as they form. the structure of afp has polar groups on one side and nonpolar groups on the other. propose a hypothesis to explain how afp prevents cells from freezing solid.
a) afp binds to ice crystals and forms a nonpolar shell that prevents covalent bonding between water molecules to form a larger crystal. by limiting crystal growth, the cell would not freeze solid.
b) afp binds to ice crystals and forms a nonpolar shell that prevents covalent bonding between ice crystals to form a larger crystal. by limiting crystal growth, the cell would not freeze solid.
c) afp can denature in cold water with the discharge of heat, so it melts ice crystals preventing them from becoming larger. by limiting crystal growth, the cell would not freeze solid.
d) afp binds to ice crystals and forms a nonpolar shell that prevents hydrogen bonding between water molecules to form a larger crystal. by limiting crystal growth, the cell would not freeze solid.

Ответ:

lannor6586

02.01.2022

Biology

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A) AFP binds to ice crystals and forms a nonpolar shell that prevents covalent bonding between water molecules to form a larger crystal. By limiting crystal growth, the cell would not freeze solid

Explanation:

Water is a "polar" molecule, which means that electron density is unevenly distributed. Water has a partial negative charge, near the atom of oxygen due to the unshared pairs of electrons and partial positive charges, near the atoms of hydrogen.  Because water is polar and the protein is nonpolar, their molecules are not attracted to each other this is want prevents the ice crystals from forming.

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Ответ:

janely6017

06.11.2022

Biology

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Although they flow near the bottom of the ocean, deep currents sometimes flow on top of other currents. while surface currents flow near the top of the ocean where they can reach depths of several meters. Some of the factors that control deep currents are salinity, density, and temperature. Deep current they occur deep in oceans which are influenced by salinity, temperature, and water. 
A good example of deep current is Antarctic bottom water.

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