Question involving the equations for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (A^2+2Aa+a^2=1, A+a=1) The question is in the file.

Frequency of dominant allele is 0.9029

Explanation:

Total number of organisms = 12,845

Number of organisms representing dominant trait = 11,596. These organisms might have heterozygotes with one dominant allele and one recessive allele.

Hence, Number of organisms with recessive alleles = 12845 – 11596 = 1249

Frequency of recessive allele (q) = 1249/12845 = 0.0971

Frequency of dominant allele (p) = 1- q = 1-  0.0971 = 0.9029

When the cell is in a hypotonic environment, it is swollen because there is a movement of water from the middle into the cell. When it is transferred to a hypertonic environment there is a movement of water out of the cell which causes the cell to become dehydrated and for this reason it contracts.