Secretory proteins are

A. produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. chemically modified in the nucleus
C. produced by the cell for internal use
D. released from the cell through the plasma membrane
E. incorporated into the mitochondrial membrane

D. released from the cell through the plasma membrane

Explanation:

Secretory proteins are produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum from where it enters into the Golgi apparatus. In the Golgi apparatus, these proteins are modified and packed into the vesicles.

From the Golgi apparatus these secretory protein reaches the plasma membrane and release out of the cell through the membrane. These secretory proteins can be a hormone, antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, etc. They are called secretory protein because they are secreted to the extracellular region of the cell. Therefore the correct answer is D.

Explanation:

Energy in _SUNLIGHT__ is absorbed by an electron in a photocenter. This energy is converted from light energy into chemical energy into kinetic energy as the energized electron is used in back to back REDOX reaction in the electron transport chain, ETC. The ETC creates _AN ENERGY GRADIENT__ which is used by the cell to power the formation of ATP. In _CYCLIC PHOSPHORYLATION__ (cyclic or noncylcic) the electron returns to the photocenter. In _NON-CYCLIC PHOSPHORYLATION__ (cyclic or non-cyclic), the electron reduces NADP+ to form _NADPH__.

Photophosporylation is the process of using light (photo) to produce ATP from ADP (phosphorylation i.e. addition of phosphorous). There are two types: cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation.

In non-cyclic phosphorylation, there are two photosystems (photocenter) involved, and electron is passed to NADP+.

In cyclic phosphorylation,  one photosystem is involved and the electron is not transferred to NADP+, it is circled back to the photosytem.

The reduced form of NADP+ is NADPH. (Remember that: reduction is defined as the addition of hydrogen)