Selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota and confer benefits upon the host are called:.

The correct answer is option C, that is, rainforest.  

The tropical rainforest refers to the forest of tall trees found in the warm regions of the planet. In this biome, an average of 125 to 660 centimeters of rainfalls annually. The rainforests come under the tropical wet climate group.  

The temperature of the forest falls in the range of 638 degrees F to 93 degrees F, with an average humidity in the range of 77 to 88 percent. The tropical rainforest comprises more varied kinds of trees than found in any other biome of the planet. Apart from flora, the rainforests also comprise distinct species of fauna. However, the soils of the forest are supplied with the least amount of nutrients, as the trees quickly absorb all the nutrients from the soil.