Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, these bones having developed from the same embryonic tissues. how do biologists interpret these similarities?

The biologists clarify these similarities as a homologous pair. This is based on the principle of convergent evolution.

Explanation:

Convergent evolution is understood by the phenomenon of development of similar organs in different species in different period. Those homologous pair have same structure but can have different function in the different species of organism.

The bone of human arms, wings of the bat and dolphin flippers contain many of same bones which have developed from the same embryo tissue but the function for each is different in different species.

The pieces can be represented by genes

Explanation:

It has been shown that the human genome contains more than 30 thousand protein‐coding genes, as well as transposable elements, repetitive and non-coding RNA sequences. These protein-coding genes are in turn composed of coding regions (exons) separated by non-coding regions (introns). The analysis of the human genome enables the scientists to identify genes associated with specific signaling network pathways  and diseases.