The influence of how a mother’s nutrient intake may change gene expression to increase the infant’s development of obesity or chronic diseases later in life is referred to as .

The influence that maternal nutrition -the mother's intake of nutrients- has on the fetal gene expression, as well as its development and growth, is referred to as fetal programming, responsible for the predisposition to obesity or chronic diseases during its lifetime.

Explanation:

Both gene expression and fetal growth and development depend on three relevant factors:

The above factors can eventually induce changes in the metabolism of the developing fetus, which manages to adapt, but with consequences on the normal developmental pathway, which can trigger negative metabolic disturbances.

Fetal programming - also referred to as fetal metabolism programming - includes a number of factors that influence postnatal metabolic behavior, including susceptibility to obesity or chronic disease.

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Fetal alcohol syndrome link

a)      When a prey is eaten by a predator, the tissue that is ingested by the predator is broken down in the digestive system of the organism to smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the organisms. These molecules, lipids, amino acids and glucose are used by the predator to build its tissues and in the provision of energy.

b)      Because not all energy is used efficiently, some are lost because of the ingested food not being fully digested and absorbed, hence waste is passed as fecal matter. During the process of digestion and biological processes, a higher percentage of energy is also lost as heat in the process.  

c)       Due to this inefficiency in the transfer of energy from trophic level to another up the energy pyramid, which is lost as heat , there are fewer organisms up the trophic levels than below the trophic levels. Hence the characteristic shape of the energy pyramid.  

d)      Since only 10% of energy is passed from one trophic level to another in the form of biomass, then if we had 10,000 primary consumers in an ecosystem, the highest number of secondary consumers in that ecosystem would be 1,000.  

Explanation: