The medulla oblongata, the pons and the midbrain make up the brainstem. a. true b. false

That is true. The medulla oblongata, the pons and the midbrain make up the brainstem.

The innovation of gymnosperms is a) Gymnosperms are the first seed plants. The first vascular plant belonged to the genus Cooksonia. Regarding the seed plants, there are two groups of seed plants - Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. However, Gymnosperms are the first seed plants. Angiosperms are the first flowering plants.