Using library or Internet resources, identify the missing element, and describe why it is important to human health. Explain why the lack of this element causes cretinism in children and goiter in adults. Explain why goiter is reversible, but cretinism is not.

The study of a living being is called biology.

The correct answer is iodine.

Cretinism and the goiter is a disease that is caused by the deficiency of iodine.

The iodine is important for the functioning of the hormone Thymoxin.

Cretinism occurs in children due to the lack of iodine and it is reversible due to the active production of hormones by the thymus.

The goiter occurs in the adult and is irreversible due to inactive working of the gland thymus.

Hence, the answer is mentioned above.

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The lack of iodine causes cretinism in children and goiter in adults is discussed below in details.

Explanation:

The harmful impact of iodine deficiency on the mental and physical improvement of children as well as on the fertility of adults has been acknowledged. The neurological sequelae of iodine deficiency are interfered with by thyroid hormone deficiency. Iodine insufficiency in later stages of life effects goiter generally seen in the low iodine intake region.

1. Competitive inhibitors compete physically and structurally with the substrate for an enzyme's active site, they can be out competed by adding extra substrate. The inhibitor will have the same binding site configuration as the substrate thus meaning the enzyme will accept it. An example of competitive inhibition could be malonic acid which competes with succinate for active sites of succinic dehydrogenase, an important enzyme in the krebs cycle.

2. Non competitive inhibitors do not compete for the active site, but inhibit the enzyme by binding else where and changing the shape of the enzyme. Am example of non competitive inhibition could be cyanide which combines dehydrogenase with the cytochrome enzymes responsible for the transfer of hydrogen atoms during cellular respiration. This shows that the substrate in the active site of the enzyme.

3. Irreversible inhibitors bind directly to the active site by covalent bonds, which change the structure of the enzyme and inactivate the enzyme permanently. Most medications are enzyme inhibitors of one kind or another.