Which disturbance would result in primary succession? harvesting wheat by using a combine harvester at the end of the growing season
controlled burning to stimulate the growth of forest trees such as sequoia
the formation of Surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of Iceland
the effect of a large herd of elephants on the grasses and shrubs in an area

The formation of Surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of Ireland.

C

Explanation: hope this helps!!

In the information processing cycle, changing, converting, or translating data describes "processing". Output is described as presenting the results, storage is described as saving data and programs, Input represents entering data into the computer. Information processing cycle involves the sequence of events; including, input, processing, storage and output.