Which of the following reflects the relationship between the posterior and the anterior pituitary glands?A. Unlike the posterior pituitary, the anterior pituitary makes and releases its own hormones without input from the hypothalamus.B. One is always a little behind.C. The anterior pituitary is under the control of the hypothalamus but the posterior pituitary is not.D. Unlike the posterior pituitary, the anterior pituitary releases "releasing or inhibiting" hormones.E. The posterior pituitary releases neurohormones and the anterior pituitary releases hormones.F. They are both extensions of the hypothalamus.

The correct answer is - option E.

Explanation:

The anterior and posterior pituitary glands are he two distinct lobes of the pituitary gland which is controlled by the hypothalamus. The anterior lobe of the master gland is receives its signals from the specific neurons of the hypothalamus known as parvocellular neurons and produces six hormones that release in to circulation by itself.

On other hand the extension of the hypothalamus or the posterior pituitary gland receives the neurohormones from the hypothalamus such as oxytocin  and ADH. Neurohormones are the hormones that are released by neurons of the posterior pituitary gland.

Thus, the correct answer is option E.

Answer and Explanation:

It is a dihybrid cross, where:

B= black (dominant)

b= brown

S= solid (dominant)

s= spotted

a) The genotype of the parents are:

homozygous black spotted= BBss ⇒ Gametes: Bs, Bs, bS, bS

homozygous brown solid= bbSS ⇒ Gametes: bs, bs, bs, bs

The F1 mice is the resultant progeny from the cross BBss x bbSS. We combine the games of the parents and all combinations are : BbSs. All F1 genotype is BbSs (heterozygous black and solid mice).

b) The testcross is carried out between F1 mice (BbSs) and brown spotted mice (bbss)

BsSs ⇒ Gametes: BS, Bs, bS, bs

bbss ⇒ Gametes: bs, bs, bs, bs

From the gametes, we obtain all the possible combinations:

BSbs = BbSs (black, solid) ⇒ ratio= 1/2 x 1/2= 1/4

Bsbs= Bbss (black, spotted) ⇒ ratio= 1/2 x 1/2= 1/4

bSbs= bbSs (brown solid) ⇒ ratio= 1/2 x 1/2= 1/4

bsbs= bbss (brown spotted) ⇒ ratio= 1/2 x 1/2= 1/4

So, we obtain 1/4 of black solid mice (BbSs), 1/4 of black spotted mice (Bbss), 1/4 of brown solid mice (bbSs) and 1/4 of brown spotted mice (bbss).