Yoruba peoples are most closely related to which other population from the phylogenetic tree?

Yoruba people are directly related to africans, they are mostly concentrated in Nigeria, Republic of Benin and Togo, africans countries. They are a very large population, reaching 40 million citizens, more than several countries in south america and europe, Yoruba people have existed since before IV century b.c, they even ha a powerful city named lle ife, cultural center of the population. After years, many Yoruba colonies were aslaved and taken to  North, and south America, influencing their religions and music style, countries like Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Brazil, and Panama even created religions that use Yoruba words, such as ifa (destiny), ochosi (health), olofin (jesuschrist) and others.

You did not enter the answer options, but a frameshift mutation causes the exclusion or addition of one of the bases of the codon, which makes the reading of the codons assume an incoherent sequence and impair the reading of the same.

Explanation:

A frameshift mutation occurs when there is the exclusion or addition of one of the bases that form a codon. As you know, codons are formed by 3 bases that are released for the formation of proteins. If there is inclusion when excluding one of these bases, the reading is incorrect, meaningless and inefficient.

As an example, we can use the sequence of bases that you exposed in the question above, ATCTAGGTACTA. The codons in this sequence would be formed as follows: ATC TAG GTA CTA. Now imagine that the first base of the first codon was excluded. The codons would be formed in an incoherent fashion (TCT AGG TAC TA) and would not allow a correct reading, the same would happen if a base was added to one of the codons.