Assume an honest user wants to send an 8-bit integer to their bank indicating how much money should be transferred to the bank account of an attacker. the user uses ctr-mode encryption based on a block cipher f with 8-bit block length. (yes, this is a made-up example.) the attacker knows that the amount of money the user wants to transfer is exactly $16, and has compromised a router between the user and the bank. the attacker receives the ciphertext 1000 0111 (in binary) from the user. what ciphertext should the attacker forward to the bank to initiate a transfer of exactly $32? (recall that ctr-mode decryption of a ciphertext using key is done by outputting .)
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Ответ:
it established new limitations on use and disclosure for marketing purposes, prohibited selling medical information, expanded individuals’ rights to accessing their own information, and to obtain restrictions from certain disclosures of protected heath information to health plans.