Cheryl peterson, a u.s.-based business executive, paid the equivalent of $20 to an official of the country of murundi to expedite the overnight delivery of critical documents. when questioned, cheryl peterson claimed this was a way to facilitate the performance of an obligation that was already agreed upon. the $20 is an example

The correct answer is letter "E": a grease payment.

Explanation:

Grease payments are types of bribes given to low-rank deputies to expedite a business decision, delivery or other transaction characterized for providing that representative an insignificant amount of money for that person to make the favor, usually when the fact of giving that money is legally needles.

a. Convertible, d. Noncumulative

Explanation:

The feature that it can be exchanges for common stock means that the holders of these preferred share have an option to convert their preferential holdings to common stock at and within predetermined period of time.

However since it says " the dividends in arrears are lost", it means that these preferred shares are non-cumulative. As the holder of this type of shares, you have no right to receive past dividends should the company begin to issue preferred dividends again. If the issuing company incurs losses in that year, it can choose to skip paying dividends on these convertible, non-cumulative preferred shares.