in the context of social factors that affect marketing, with component lifestyles, people are:

"People are defying traditional consumer and this includes all age groups"

Social factors are maybe the most troublesome for marketers to envision. Several noteworthy social patterns are as of now forming marketing strategies. To start with, individuals of any age have a more extensive range of interests, challenging traditional consumer. 
Secondly, changing gender roles are bringing more ladies into the workforce and expanding the quantity of men who shop.
Thirdly, a more prominent number of double profession families has made interest for time saving products and enterprises.

$44,955.10

$38,131.84

Explanation:

Present value is the sum of discounted cash flows

Present value can be calculated using a financial calculator

Investment X

Cash flow each year from year 1 to 9 = $6900

I = 7%

PV = $44,955.10

Investment Y

Cash flow each year from year 1 to 5 = $9300

I = 7%

PV = $38,131.84

To find the PV using a financial calculator:

1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.

2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.  

3. Press compute