Isabella was hit by a car while she was walking on the road and sustained minor injuries. she filed a case against the car driver. as the case was being investigated, several witnesses on the road provided various statements about the accident. in this scenario, which of the following is most likely a reason for contradictory statements of the witnesses? â
a) rapport created by previous dealings
b) âindividual differences in perception
c) âinability to decode nonverbal cues
d) âineffectiveness of the communication channel

B) Individual differences in perception

Explanation:

We all perceive things differently than other people, or in other words, we all see thing differently than other people. Depending on our mood and where we actually are, we  perceive things differently. We also have the tendency to fill in blanks with some preconceived ideas, e.g. a person that suffered a prior accident will immediately imagine an action sequence resembling their own experience and will combine it with what they actually saw.

Esquire should purchase Machine B

Explanation:

Below is the calculation of the present values of Machine A & Machine B.

Machine A             Period    Amount    Present Value Factor   Present Value

Purchase Cost            0         ($69,000)                  1                        ($69,000)

Maintenance Cost    1 - 10      ($2,200)                 6.71008               ($14,762)

Salvage Value             10         $7,245                  0.46319                $3,356

Present Value of A                                                                              ($80,406)

Machine B            Period    Amount     Present Value Factor   Present Value

Purchase Cost            0         ($57,500)                  1                        ($57,500)

Maintenance Cost

Year 3                          3         ($8,800)               0.79383                ($6,986)

Year 6                          6         ($11,000)              0.63017                 ($6.932)

Year 8                          8         ($13,200)             0.54027                 ($7,132)

Present Value of B                                                                            ($78,550)

Note the Following:

The Net Present Value of B is lower than the Value of Machine A. So, Machine B should be opted.For the Present Value Factor of Machine A's Maintenance Cost, the 10 year annuity value of 8% was calculated.Machine B has no salvage value after the 10th year period.