Monic, a college professor, makes 30 photocopies of a passage from a famous novel and passes the article out to her students. The students are assigned to read the passage and write an opinion paper about it. Has Monic violated copyright law?

Incomplete question. The options:

a) Yes, Though the author will probably not enforce his or her rights under this situation, Monic has technically violated federal copyright law.

b) No. Educators have a right under the "fair use doctrine" to make limited use of copyrighted materials.

c) Yes. Monic has technically violated federal copyright law by copying and distributing this original work.

d) None of the above.

b) No. Educators have a right under the "fair use doctrine" to make limited use of copyrighted materials.

Explanation:

Based on the "fair use doctrine" in the United States, professor Monic did not violate copyright law from a legal standpoint.

Another interesting detail is the number of copies redistributed by Monica, only "30 copies", and according to the provisions of the "fair use doctrine"  that can be considered fair. Not forgetting also the substantial nature of copying, since only "a passage" from the novel is photocopied.

geographic

Explanation:

Market segmentation refers to dividing your total potential market into smaller segments or groups based on different characteristics that each consumer in a segment shares, and are not shared by other segments. This way the marketing strategies can focus on the different needs that consumers in a segment have based on similar characteristics that they share.  

In this case, Gear Power segments its total market using geographical variables: mountain areas, coastal areas and urban areas. E.g. it will offer SUVs to those living in the mountains because they need larger and tougher vehicles to satisfy their needs, or they will sell small hatchbacks to people living in big cities because space is very limited.