Sally has been working really hard lately and asks her manager for a raise. Her manager tells her that she is already the highest paid employee on the floor. Sally doesn't believe her manager, and illegally accesses the employee database to look at salary data. Sally's act can be termed as

Sally's act is termed as hacking.

Explanation:

As Sally has accessed the database and used illegal means, this is termed as hacking. As per the Merriam Webster definition of hacking, hacking is the act of gaining illegal access to (a computer network, system, etc.).

Thus the definition of hacking is applicable to Sally's act here.

Corrective taxes are levied on per unit basis, it could be dollars per ton of pollution, so those who can reduce pollution at a lower cost than taxes would reduce pollution and don't pay taxes. Those firms who can't reduce pollution at lower cost than the tax will pay taxes and pollute the environment. It effectively puts a price over rights of pollution.

Tradable pollution permits are efficient because those forms who can reduce pollution at lower cost will do that and trade those rights to the firms who can't reduce at lower cost. They would do this trade for a price they mutually agree to. In this way both the firms are better off and leads to socially efficient outcomes.

Explanation: