The final blow to portuguese domination of the asian spice trade came when

a. muslim traders extended from the arabic peninsula and cut off access to the indian ocean.
b. the english began to form joint-stock companies for colonization.
c. the dutch voc seized malacca.
d. the portuguese monarchy was overthrown by ferdinand and isabella of spain.
e. christopher columbus sailed to hispaniola.

c. the Dutch VOC seized Malacca.

Explanation:

Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC

The Dutch started around 1606 with several attempts to capture the fortress over the year finally they achieve victory on 1641 And retain possesion of the Island until 1825

After this blow the Portuguese had no foot on the spice trade and their colonial power decrease severely around the world They latter deliver Bombay to the Brithish empire and thus, leaving behind any intention of holding power in the Asian region

The primary purpose of taxation is to raise revenue to meet huge public expenditure. Most governmental activities must be financed by taxation. But it is not the only goal. In other words, taxation policy has some non-revenue objectives. so the answer is A.