The technique recommended by the text to organize an analysis of external strategic factors is called

the answer is "c) computer malware".

malware is any product purposefully intended to make harm a pc, server, customer, or pc network. malware does the harm after it is embedded or brought somehow or another into an objective's pc and can appear as executable code, contents, dynamic substance, and other programming.  

one system for ensuring against malware is to keep the malware programming from accessing the target pc.