Which of the following is a difference between strategic planning and tactical planning?
a. strategic planning deals with predictable issues, whereas tactical planning sets processes for unexpected occurrences.
b. strategic planning is done by top-level managers, whereas tactical planning is done by middle-level managers.
c. strategic planning focuses on the short-term objectives of a firm, whereas tactical planning focuses on the long-term objectives of a firm.
d. strategic planning deals with scheduling delivery for each batch, whereas tactical planning deals with cross border acquisitions and expansions.

so here correct option is b. Strategic planning is done by top-level managers, whereas tactical planning is done by middle-level managers

Explanation:

we know that strategic plan is a course of action that is a long term goal and generally up to 5 years while tactical planning course of action is short term goal and generally with in a year or less than year

and

In strategic plan top management must develop and use summary report on finances and operations and external environment while tactical planning have shorter time frame and narrower scope than strategic so middle level management do it

so here correct option is b. that is strategic planning is done by top level manager and tactical planning is done by middle level manager

O A) The workers who make them have little incentive to make them well.

Explanation:

In a command economy, the government does all the production through its agencies and institutions. The government employs all the workers. Public interest is the motive for engaging in commercial activities. Production is not profit-motivated; hence goods and services are availed to customers are low prices. The employees' pay is not high as organizations don't generate a lot of profits. Employee morale is low due to the low pay.

In command economies, there is no business competition. Government institutions are monopolies. Without competition, there is little innovation in the country. Employees are not challenged to develop new products as consumers have no other alternatives.