montanolumpuy
15.02.2021 •
Chemistry
In the benzene molecule, carbon atoms form a ring with alternating single and double bonds in between each of them. Each carbon atom forms one σ bond with one carbon atom and one σ and one π bond with another. The π bonding electrons are delocalized over the entire molecule. Thus, benzene is a resonance hybrid of two equivalent structures, and the single and double bonds oscillate from one position to the other.
Required:
Calculate the bond order for one carbon-carbon bond in the benzene molecule, taking σ and π bonding into consideration.
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Ответ:
1.5
Explanation:
From;
BO = ½(B – A)
BO= Bond order
B= Number of bonding electrons
A = Number of antibonding electrons
For the sigma bonds, there are 2 bonding electrons and 0 nonbonding electrons.
σ BO = ½(B – A) = ½(2 – 0) = 1
π bond order for 6 C-C bonds;
π BO = ½(B – A) = ½(6 – 0) = 3
For each π bond, BO = 3/6 = 0.5.
Hence, for a single C-C bond in benzene, the total Bond order = σ + π = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5.
Ответ:
I believe the answer would be:
A. Three groups of plants—a group fertilized by X, a group fertilized by Y, and a control group with no fertilizer.
I hope this helps.