List and describe, in your laboratory journal, the four forces acting on amino acids placed in water. these four forces ultimately determine the shape of a protein. write definitions, in your laboratory journal, for the words hydrophobic and hydrophilic. describe, in your laboratory journal, how hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids react to water and to oil.

The following are the four forces acting on the amino acids placed in water:  

1. Van der Waals forces: The natural stickiness of every single atom, resulting due to the movement of its electron cloud.  

2. Electrostatic charge: The ions of a side chain, which have either minus or plus charge.  

3. S-S bonds: Many sulfur-containing amino acids like cysteine situated in the distinct parts of the protein chain, associated with each other, forming a covalent bond, which connects together the two distinct parts of a protein molecule.  

4. Hydrogen bonds: As the oxygen of the water molecule is strong, it pulls the electron cloud away from its two hydrogens, making its hydrogen somewhat positive and thus possessing the tendency to associate with the negative poles on the adjacent molecules.  

Hydrophobic is defined as the tendency to repel or fail to mix with water. While hydrophilic is defined as possessing the tendency to mix with or dissolve in water.  

Hydrophilic amino acids are water-loving, while hydrophobic amino acids are water-hating. Hydrophilic amino acids will react in a manner, which is contrasting from their response to water. When positioned in oil, they will be more fascinated with each other in comparison to the surrounding molecules. The non-polar hydrophobic amino acids will not be herded in combination by the oil, as they were by water, so they will get dissolve efficiently.  

In miles per hour: 82 mphIn km/h: 121 km/h

Explanation:

The correct number of digits to report a measure include every certain digit plus one uncertain digit.

The speedometer has marks for:

every 2 km per hour, km/h. Because each small tick mark on the outer circle represents 2 mph.every 10 miles per hour mph. Because each small tick mark on the inner scale represents 10 mph.

As a rule you can appreciate up to half way between two small tick marks.

So, for km/h you can appreciate half of 2 km/h, i.e. 1 km/h.

The needle is marking between 120 km/h and 122 km/h, which means that the correct measure is 121 km, where the two leftmost digits are certain and the ones digit is uncertain.

For mph, you can appreciate half of 10 mph, i.e. 5 mph. A measure between 80 and 90 mph should be read as 85 mph.

Furthermore, in this last case of mph, the space between two consecutive marks is broad and equal to 10 mph but also the needle is wide, so it is difficult to appreciate less than 5 mph.

The correct measure must have two significant digits: one certain and one uncertain. So, 82 mph is as correct as 85 mph, since the 8 is certain and the next number (either 2 or 5) is uncertain.