What is the melting point of a solution in which 3.5 grams of sodium chloride is added to 230 ml of water?

We are going to use this equation:

ΔT = - i m Kf

when m is the molality of a solution 

i = 2

and ΔT is the change in melting point = T2- 0 °C

and Kf is cryoscopic constant = 1.86C/m

now we need to calculate the molality so we have to get the moles of NaCl first:

moles of NaCl = mass / molar mass

                         = 3.5 g / 58.44 

                         = 0.0599 moles

when the density of water = 1 g / mL and the volume =230 L

∴ the mass of water = 1 g * 230 mL = 230 g = 0.23Kg 

now we can get the molality = moles NaCl / Kg water

                                                =0.0599moles/0.23Kg

                                                = 0.26 m

∴T2-0 =  - 2 * 0.26 *1.86

∴T2 = -0.967 °C

0.952 °C

Explanation:

The change in melting point is computed as:

ΔT = k*m*i

where ΔT is the difference between the melting point of water and of solution, k is a constant (1.86 °C*kg/mol for water), i is the van't Hoff factor (equal to 2 for sodium chloride because 2 ions are obtained after its dissolution), and m is the molality of the solution.

Molar mass of sodium chloride: 58.44 g/mol

Moles of of sodium chloride: mass / molar mass 3.5/58.44 = 0.059 mol

Density of water 1 kg/L

230 mL of water are equivalent to 0.23 L

mass of water: density * volume = 1*0.23 = 0.23 kg

Molality of the solution: m = moles of solute/ kg of solvent = 0.059/0.23 = 0.256

Finally:

ΔT = 1.86*0.256*2 = 0.952 °C

Water melting point: 0 °C

So, the solution melting point is: 0 - 0.952 = 0.952 °C

195.3 K

Explanation: Use Charles Law to get T2

Charles Law V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

Derive the equation to find T2

T2 = V2T1 / V1

Convert temperature into K

T1 = 20.0 °C + 273 = 293 K

Substitute the values:

4.00 L x 293 K / 6.00 L = 195. 3 K