Which refers to the bending of a wave as it passes through one medium to another medium?

Refraction of waves involves a change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another. Refraction, or the bending of the path of the waves, is accompanied by a change in speed and wavelength of the waves

ΔH = -5315kJ/mol

Explanation:

Based on Hess's law, ΔH of a reaction is defined as the sum of the ΔH of the products times their reaction coefficient - The sum of the ΔH of the reactants times their reaction coefficient.

For the reaction of the problem, ΔH is:

ΔH = 8ΔH CO2 + 10ΔH H2O - (2ΔH C4H10 - 13ΔH O2)

Where:

ΔH CO2 = -393.5kJ/mol

ΔH H2O = -241.82kJ/mol

ΔH C4H10 = -125.6kJ/mol

ΔH O2 = 0kJ/mol because O2(g) is the state of oxygen under STP.

Replacing:

ΔH = 8*(-393.5kJ/mol) + 10*(-241.82kJ/mol ) - (2*-125.6kJ/mol  - 13*0kJ/mol)

ΔH = -5315kJ/mol