Why does the most damage occur close to the fault ?

How do particles move in the ground when an earthquake occurs?

back and forth, up and down, or in an eliptical motion parallel to the direction the wave travels

What are seismic waves?

released energy that travels as vibrations on and in Earth

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What do scientists use to classify seismic waves?

wave motion, wave speed, and type of material waves travel thru

Where is the epicenter of an earthquake?

found on Earth's surface directly above the focus of the earthquake

In what direction(s) from the focus do seismic waves travel?

outward in every direction

What happens to seismic waves as they travel away from the focus?

they decrease in energy and intensity

Why does the most damage occur close to the fault?

it is where the greatest amount of energy is found

What do people feel when an earthquake occurs?

the ground shaking

What are the three types of seismic waves?

primary, secondary, surface

Which type of wave causes the most damage at Earth's surface?

surface waves

Which type of wave is the fastest and travels through solids and liquids?

primary waves

Which type of wave travels only through solids?

secondary waves

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What kind of earthquakes occur at convergent continental/oceanic boundaries?

very deep and devastating quakes--release lots of energy

What kind of earthquakes occur at divergent boundaries?

shallow

What kind of earthquakes occur at convergent continental/continental boundaries?

varying depths, and can result in forming large mountain ranges

Where do most earthquakes occur?

in oceans and along edges of continents

What is a strike/slip fault?

2 blocks slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions--at transform boundaries

What is a normal fault?

forces pull blocks apart--hanging wall drops--at divergent plate boundaries

What is a reverse fault?

forces push blocks together--hanging wall rises--at convergent plate boundaries

What is the different between the focus and the epicenter?

focus -- where rocks first move along the fault below surface

epicenter -- above Earth's surface, directly above the focus

What are the characteristics of p-waves?

1. particles vibrate in same direction as waves

2. fastest and first to be detected

3. travel thru solids, liquids

What are the characteristics of s-waves?

1. particles move perpendicular to the motion of the wave

2. slower than P waves, faster than surface waves

3. travel thru solids

What are the characteristics of surface waves?

1. particles move in a rolling motion

2. slowest waves

3. cause greatest damage at Earth's surface

What discovery did learning about P-waves lead to?

The composition of the inner/outer cores

What discovery did learning about S-waves lead to?

The outer core is liquid because S-waves can't travel thru it

What did scientists learn about the mantle from studying seismic waves?

They were able to map convection currents, because the speed of the waves slows down in hot areas (like Mid ocean Ridge), and gets faster in cooler areas (like subduction zones)

What does the Richter Scale measure?

ground motion at a given distance from an earthquake to determine magnitude

What does the Moment Magnitude Scale measure?

total amount of energy released by an earthquake

What does the Modified Mercalli Scale measure?

the amount of damage that results from shaking based on descriptions of effects

What does the amount of energy released by an earthquake depend on?

1. size of fault

2. motion that occurs

3. strength of rocks

What are four indicators that seismologists use to determine earthquake risk?

1. past earthquake activity

2. geology around a fault

3. population density

4. types of buildings in an area

Explanation:

The anode is oxidized and the cathode is reduced, in this way we are facing a redox reaction or oxide reduction.

Where the oxygenated compound oxidizes, and the protonized reduces.

Explanation:

When he says that oxygen is reduced the reaction would be:

OXYGEN + H (+1) > OH-

And the reaction where solid aluminum hydroxide is formed will be:

Al (+3) + 3 KOH (aqueous) > Al (OH) 3 (solid) + 3 K (+1),

Here we see how aluminum is immersed in an aqueous medium and becomes a solid compound in the form of hydroxide, where when attached to an oxygen, it is oxygenated and oxidized.

This reaction is considered irreversible