why is Dalton credited with proposing the first atomic theory if Democrritus was talking about atoms 2,200 years earlier

Why is Dalton credited with proposing the first atomic theory if Democritus was talking about atoms almost 2,200 years earlier?

- Democritus' ideas were not supported by evidence

- Dalton's theory was the first scientific theory because it relied on scientific investigative processes.

- Dalton's theory was supported by evidence and repeated investigation.

Explanation:  1: Democritus' ideas were not supported by evidence

2: Dalton's theory was the first scientific theory because it relied on scientific investigative processes.

3: Dalton's theory was supported by evidence and repeated investigation.

47.27 g HNO₃

Explanation:

The reaction between nitric acid (HNO₃) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) is the following:

2HNO₃(aq) + Ca(OH)₂(aq) → Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O(l)

According to the chemical equation, 2 moles of HNO₃ reacts with 1 mol of Ca(OH)₂. At the point of total neutralization, the total number of moles of  HNO₃ reacts with the total number of moles of Ca(OH)₂:

2 x moles HNO₃ = moles Ca(OH)₂

The number of moles is equal to the product of molarity of the solution (M) and the volume in liters (V):

M(HNO₃) = ?

M(Ca(OH)₂) = 0.73 M

V(HNO₃) = 25.00 mL x 1 L/1000 mL = 0.025 L

V(Ca(OH)₂) = 51.4 mL x 1 L/1000 mL = 0.0514 L

So, we can write the equation at neutralization point as:

2 x (M(HNO₃) x V(HNO₃)) = M(Ca(OH)₂) x V(Ca(OH)₂)

From this, we can calculate the molarity of HNO₃:

M(HNO₃) = (M(Ca(OH)₂) x V(Ca(OH)₂))/2 x V(HNO₃)

               = (0.73 M x 0.0514 L)/(2 x 0.025 L)

               = 0.75 M HNO₃

We can convert the molarity from M (mol/L) to g/L by using the molecular weight of HNO₃:

Mw(HNO₃) = 1 g/mol H + 14 g/mol N + (3 x 16 g/mol O) = 63 g/mol

Finally, we multiply the molarity by the molecular weight to obtain the grams of nitric acid per liter of solution:

0.75 mol/L HNO₃ x 63 g/mol = 47.27 g HNO₃