Write a thermodynamic equation for a) the first ionisation energy for fluorine
b) the second ionisation energy of magnesium

Explanation:

kJ mol^-1

a) = 1681.06

b) = 1450.68

For the equilibrium that you simply have written ...

H2CO3 + H2O <==> HCO3- + H3O +

acid base conjugate base conjugate acid

We know that carbonic acid gas reacts with water to create "carbonic acid." However, what we actually call as the acid isn't the weak acid H2CO3; H2CO3 doesn't even exist in solution. What really we call as the acid is just CO2 dissolved in water which is in equilibrium with small amounts of H + and HCO3-. HCO3 ^ - is that the intermediate substance between CO2 and CO3 ^ 2-. By adding OH- to HCO3 ^ - we produce CO3 ^ 2-. Adding H + to HCO3 produces CO2.

CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) <==> H + + HCO3 ^ - acid midrange pH values

HCO3 ^ - + OH- <==> CO3 ^ 2- + H2O (l) formation of carbonate ion basic

HCO3 ^ - + H + <==> CO2 (g) + H2O (l) formation of carbonic acid acidic gas

Acid: H2CO3

Conjugate Base: HCO3-

Base: H2O

Conjugate Acid: H3O +

Carbon dioxide is produced by all animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms in the process of respiration and is used by plants in the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, carbon dioxide is an important component of the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide is also produced from the byproduct of burning fossil fuels. Inorganic carbon dioxide is released from volcanoes and other geothermal processes such as hot springs.

Learn more

Carbon dioxide  

carbonic acid  

Details

Grade: College

Subject: Chemistry

Keyword: carbon dioxide, carbonic, acid