A new RISC-V processor from Aril Inc. runs at 1.8 GigaHertz; that is, 1.8 Billion (1.8x109) cycles per second (cyc/sec). To start up Spotify it must execute 2 Billion (2.0x109) instructions. The efficiency of a processor implementation is given by its CPI (cycles per instruction); that is, how many cycles it takes to execute a single instruction. (During this class we will learn all of the things that affect CPI, but for now we can just take it as a given). This implementation of the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) has a CPI (cycles/instruction) of 2.7. How much time will the user have to wait (in seconds) for Spotify to come up

"The kernel" is the correct answer for the above question

Explanation:

The kernel is used to execute any process such as assign the memory to the "process" or loads the program counter. It is the part of the operating system which is responsible for executing the process. When any application program enters in the stage of execution, then that program is known as the process.The above question asked about the components which are responsible to load the pc for an application program. That component is known as "The kernel". So "The kernel" is the correct answer for the above question while the other is not because other options are related to the program and operating system, they are not related to the Process but the Pc is related to the process only.