2. what are some rules for an effective book review?

Explanation:

The way I handle a book review that has a plot is to mention very briefly the main part of the plot detailing only what is absolutely necessary to show the conflict.

For example, every decade | read War and Peace. Here's what I would say about the main plot.

The main plot shows the struggle Pierre goes though when he stays in Moscow as Napoleon enters. He has the idea that he will assassinate Napoleon. His plan is thwarted by a soldier who captures him and puts him with the other Russian prisoners who remained behind in Moscow. What follows is the events making up the retreat which are horrible in their details.  And Pierre, an aristocrat, sees things not even the peasants he is with could begin to imagine. War and Peace is so long and so extensive that even this could be considered a sub plot.

War and Peace is some 1200 pages long (or more -- depending on the edition), so I would work on some of the subplots. For example, how did Natasha go from being the bell of the ball to an overweight dull middle age frump  who seemed settled in her life, but totally uninteresting? How did Andre's death affect her when she was a very young girl and called upon to do nursing duty when she hardly understood the nature of his wounds and that he would eventually die? Sub plots are full of things that you can expand without giving away the main plot.

78 millions Children have no school to attend.

It is believed that these children in the remote villages have no school they attend as everywhere is choked up with their peers staying at home per day.

Some volunteers upon getting to these countries takes up jobs which they are unskilled with like building construction of local houses while this ought to be left for the local builders.

They should always travel as guest coming in to help the locals instead.

They also take pictures with these children to present as part of their tourist experience.

The locals is to be taught and enlightened instead of the opposite which is what the volunteers tourists often do.

Lack of clean and safe water worldwide:

The kids have no access to clean water as seen on the picture, though he seem happy drinking from the tap not knowing of the health challenge of untreated water.

This affects their health vigorously.

Living lonely in the orphanages.

The picture there depicts a young girl so lonely in an orphanage home. Here the tourist volunteers need to do more work to put smiles on the faces of lonely children. Using what they have to make these ones happy and feel good to live.