At the end. mainly the pigs and the dogs became richer . in orwell's mind, why is this fact important?

If you're talking about the book, "Animal Farm" by George Orwell, it is symbolical. When Orwell wrote the book, he was talking of the Russian's communist society. That is what the whole thing represented. The pigs and dogs represented the leaders in the society. The fact they became richer was important because it represents what happens in a communist society. Everyone else becomes poorer and the leaders become richer.

Their underlying asset beta is closest to is 1.08

Explanation:

According to the given data we have the following:

Debt is given as $78 billion

Equity is given as $142 billion

equity beta given as 1.68

Therefore, in order to calculate the underlying asset beta we would have to use the formula of the the equity beta for a levered firm as follows:

betaE =beta A [1 + (Debt / Equity)]

1.68 = \beta A [1 + ($78 B/ $142 B)]

1.68 = \beta A [1 + 0.5493]

betaA = 1.68 / 1.5493

betaA = 1.08

Their underlying asset beta is closest to is 1.08