Classical civilizations erected monumental sculptures, such as obelisks and stelae, to do all of the following except:
a. mark the location of royal graves.
b. communicate history to future generations.
c. demonstrate the power and wealth of their rulers.
d. protect their cities from enemy invasion.

D. protect their cities from enemy invasion.

Explanation:

Ancient monuments like obelisks and stelae might have religious or historical value for us and for the civilization that made them, but they have no strategical value and make no difference during an invasion or war.

In Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis, the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, turns into a giant insect. He clings to the framed photograph of the woman in fur when his sister and mother start removing furniture from his room. This action symbolizes the emotional comfort that his possessions represent in his former life as human. He was unable to relinquish his humanity which led him to cling to the picture.

I hope it helps, Regards.