Size Fact File: The Amazon Rain Forest
Average Temperature
2,300,000 square miles
5,900,000 square kilometers) - the world's largest
rainforest
77°F (25°C)
Yearly Rainfall
Countries in Which Found
Up to about 15 feet (4.6 meters)
Percentage of World's Rain
Forests
Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
About 50 percent
What information is shown in the chart?
1.
all the countries where a rain forest can be found
2. the important characteristics of the Amazon Rain Forest
O 3. rain forests that have up to 15 feet (4.6 meters) of yearly rainfall
4. yearly rainfall by country

I would say that the option that best explains this excerpt's purpose in the novel's plot structure is the third one: the excerpt forms the point of greatest tension and acts as the climax.

Explanation:

This excerpt shows an argument between two characters, a moment of tension, a climax. A story can have more than one moment of tension, but usually there is one moment of climax and from that moment on the tension starts falling down. We can't know based on this excerpt if there are other moments of tension, probably there are, but this one is definitely a moment of tension between the kid and the mother because they are arguing about some trip the kid wanted to go to. The excerpt's purpose is to set the moment of gratest tension.