That are taught in math class is a

independent clause
dependent clause

Dependent clause or subordinate clause

Explanation: This is an example of a dependent clause. A clause is just a group of words and it has a subject doing a verb.

This clause does not express a complete thought and it doesn't make any sense on its own which means

it can not stand alone as a sentence.

This sentence is not complete because it is not giving us the full idea of what it is trying to say. This means that it's a subordinate clause.

Dependent clauses and subordinate clauses are the exact same thing. They are just two different ways of saying this.

where is the question ???