What is the main message of douglass's speech? the fight for independence was a long, hard battle. the fact of slavery ruins the celebrations of the fourth of july. the people who came to america were surprised by its history. the story of most nations is difficult to catalogue.

I feel like he's saying, when slaves came to America, they weren't welcome to all the holidays, they were whipped instead of celebrated (on this day particularly), and then the day finally comes when they get to celebrate the Fourth of July but they can't really celebrate it because too much bad stuff happened that day. He's been saying why should anyone celebrate it when they know slavery was going on at that time. Now Douglass was an African American and this is his perspective. If you ask a Caucasian what they did that day, they will have a different story. That's what Douglass means when he says, "The story of most nations is difficult to catalogue."  I hope this helps! :)

According to Mark Twain, "standards" are the lasting ideas people have, whereas "fashions" are just temporary trends or beliefs that change across the years.

As an example of "standards," Twain cites Shakespeare because, for centuries, his pieces have been adopted and recreated by people worldwide.

As an example of "fashions," Twain considers the different styles of music, writing, and technology being the latter the most changing with the passing of time.