1. which of the following encouraged theologians to begin a reformation of the roman catholic church?

Explanation:

Stalingrad was a watershed moment in the Soviet–German War, a battle that eclipsed the Allied operation in Western Europe in terms of both numbers and severity in 1944–45.

This fight was a defining moment because it resulted in a large number of casualties, radically changed Germany's attitude toward the war, and the Germans had ultimately lost a major battle, which shifted the battle to both the Allies' advantage.