2 LOCATION Which industrial
cities lie south of Virginia
and Kentucky?

Option B is right.

Before World War I much of the Middle East was under Ottoman control, the empire had been one of the world's greatest powers for centuries and it fell in 1918 after the occupation of Istanbul by Allied forces.

During the war, the Arabian Revolt started by Hussein ibn Ali in 1916 had already secured Saudi Arabia's independence with the help of France and the U.K., unifying the peninsula.  

After the war the crumbling Ottoman Empire was divided by the Allies, they also reserved the right to intervene in the core part of the empire, Turkey, and control over the strait of Bosporus, in 1919 the Turkish National Movement was organized by a veteran Ottoman general against the occupying Allied forces and by 1922 the indenpendence of Turkey was recognized.

The iranian revolution happened much later, in 1979, and it overthrew the pro-western Shah of Iran in favor of an anti-western Shia theocratic state, it started in 1977 as a campaing of civil resistance that included both secular and religious elements and, after the strikes of 1978, forced the Shah to exile in january 1979.

As for the Arab Spring, it was a series of anti-government protests, riots and rebellions from 2010 to 2012 against oppressive governments and poor standards of living that started in Tunisia and spreaded through North Africa and to Syria and Bahrain, many say social media was a driving factor of the movement.