Adolf hitler in nazi germany and joseph stalin in the soviet union both ran a government system that eliminated social institutions that might challenge it. what is this called?

The answer is what you called Totalitarian Government. Totalitarian government is a system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutions that might challenge it. In here, the government is the one controlling almost every aspect of life. 

Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–83) was Minister of Finances in France from 1665 to 1683 under Louis VIX (r. 1643–1715). In this position, Colbert attempted to reform government finances, stimulate economic development, and pay down France's vast debts accumulated from massive wartime spending.

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