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What

Three benefits:

More cultural exchange, in many forms: cuisine, religion, philosophy, idelogy.Higher ethnic diversity: many scientists agree in that genetically diverse populations are better suited for survival than less genetically diverse population.The development of a more tolerant culture, because of the constant contact of peoples of different origins.

Three negative effects:

More conflictivity can arise, because people of different backgrounds do not always get along well.Social bonds and trust can be eroded, for the same reason as above.Local cultures can become overriden by the blending of new incoming cultures.

People can learn about other cultures by exploring the other culture's cuisine, because food says a lot about a culture, and also by reading literature from other cultures, because literature often consists of deep accounts about the characteristics of a particular ethnicity or people.