After the war of 1812, what did james madison advocate to make american manufactured products cheaper and more competitive in both domestic and foreign markets?
a. the embargo act
b. a protective tariff
c. a blockade against the british
d. a foreign trade agreement with britain and france

James Madison advocated a protective tariff to make American manufactured products cheaper and more competitive in both domestic and foreign markets. This made all of the foreign imports more expensive and made the American products look better. The correct answer is is B. 

I believe it would be D. Postconventional. At this stage, people follow these internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules.