Almost a century after the second national banks charter lapsed the government created

The Federal Reserve System.

Explanation:

Formed on 23 December 1913, the Federal Reserve System is the primary banking arrangement of the U.S. This system was created with the law of the Federal Reserve Act, following a series of economic depressions (especially the panic of 1907) that led to the desire for central administration of the monetary policy in order to mitigate economic crises. During the course of time, the Great Depression and the Great Recession expanded the roles and the responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System.