Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the united states, in congress assembled.
— article ii, articles of confederation
the powers not delegated to the united states by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
— 10th amendment, united states constitution
the purpose of each of these provisions is to
(1)determine the division of power between state and central governments
(2)create a process for allowing amendments
(3)grant the central government power to control the states
(4)limit the power of the executive branch

The excerpt mentions central government and the states but does not speak (except by mentioning) of executive branch or amendments, so we reject options 2) and 4).

Among options 1 and 3: 3 speaks of central government having the power over the states, which is the opposite of what the text says: it stresses how much power should stay with the states.

So the correct option is 1)

the start of the seventeenth century, the English had not established a permanent settlement in the Americas. Over the next century, however, they outpaced their rivals. The English encouraged emigration far more than the Spanish, French, or Dutch. They established nearly a dozen colonies, sending swarms of immigrants to populate the land. England had experienced a dramatic rise in population in the sixteenth century, and the colonies appeared a welcoming place for those who faced overcrowding and grinding poverty at home. Thousands of English migrants arrived in the Chesapeake Bay colonies of Virginia and Maryland to work in the tobacco fields. Another stream, this one of pious Puritan families, sought to live as they believed scripture demanded and established the Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, New Haven, Connecticut, and Rhode Island colonies of New England.